This book presents a study of Lord Salisbury, British prime minister in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, whose political philosophy was reactionary and defeatist, and who is remembered for an irony that was wounding as well as diverting.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Lord Salisbury was one of the most influential Prime Ministers of the Victorian Age. This book presents an interpretation of his character and ideas which shaped the history of the United Kingdom and the Tory party in the nineteenth century. As Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary, he was awarded with popular, and cross-party, support for the majority of his policies both at home and abroad. The most controversial aspect of his career was his resistance to Irish Home Rule, and this is re-examined in detail.
More than any other British statesman, Lord Salisbury was responsible for the successful international diplomacy that secured Britain's place among the great powers, and he guided the enormous territorial expansion of the British Empire during his time at the Foreign Office.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His publications focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques. This influential four-volume work, first published in 1794, was the first comprehensive English manual of best naval practice. Designed for aspiring young officers, it established Steel's reputation as a publisher. The book describes theoretical and practical aspects of masts, rigging, and sails, and the science of sailing. The combination of practical advice supported by scientific and mathematical explanations and numerous illustrations provides valuable insights into British seamanship during the Napoleonic wars. Volume 2, reissued here in the 1809 edition, describes the art of sailmaking, the technical terms relating to it, the tools required, the quality of canvas used for different sails in naval and merchant vessels, and how to calculate the quantities needed.

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His publications focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques. This influential four-volume work, first published in 1794, was the first comprehensive English manual of best naval practice. Designed for aspiring young officers, it established Steel's reputation as a publisher. The book describes theoretical and practical aspects of masts, rigging, and sails, and the science of sailing. The combination of practical advice supported by scientific and mathematical explanations and numerous illustrations provides valuable insights into British seamanship during the Napoleonic wars. Volume 3, reissued here in the 1806 edition, explains the terminology of rigging, and describes methods of rigging different types of ship.

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. His publications focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques. This influential four-volume work, first published in 1794, was the first comprehensive English manual of best naval practice. Designed for aspiring young officers, it established Steel's reputation as a publisher. The book describes theoretical and practical aspects of masts, rigging, and sails, and the science of sailing. The combination of practical advice supported by scientific and mathematical explanations and numerous illustrations provides valuable insights into British seamanship during the Napoleonic wars. Volume 4, reissued here in the 1807 edition, explains how to perform standard manoeuvres including anchoring, mooring, getting under sails, and tacking, as well as naval skills such as chasing and boarding other vessels.

David Steel was one of the most respected and prolific naval publishers of the early nineteenth century. His published volumes focused on naval strategy and shipbuilding techniques, and he was the first to publish regular Navy Lists. This volume, first published in 1801, contains information concerning British naval battles and losses which occurred during the early part of the French Revolutionary Wars, 1793 1800. This volume lists all ships belonging to the major European powers involved in the war which had been destroyed, describes settlements and colonies which had been captured by the British Navy, lists ships with details concerning their crew which were captured by the British Navy, and provides a list of commanding officers who were killed during this period. This volume presents a valuable summary of the major actions and prizes the British Navy fought and captured during this early period of the Revolutionary Wars.

At the 1968 Olympics, Tommie Smith and his teammate John Carlos came in first and third in the 200-metre sprint. In this text, Smith explains why, as they received their medals, both men raised a black-gloved fist, creating an image that has symbolized the conflicts of race, politics, and sports.

The recent flashpoint of Colin Kaepernick taking a knee renews a long tradition of athlete-activists speaking out against racism, injustice, and oppression. Like Kaepernick, Jackie Robinson, Paul Robeson, Muhammad Ali, Bill Russell, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos-among many others, of all races, male and female, pro and amateur-all made the choice to take a side to command public awareness and attention rather than "shut up and play," as O. J. Simpson, Michael Jordan, and Tiger Woods did. Using their celebrity to demand change, these activists inspired fans but faced great personal and professional risks in doing so. It Was Always a Choice traces the history and impact of these decisive moments throughout the history of U.S. sports. David Steele identifies the resonances and antecedents throughout the twentieth century of the choices faced by athletes in the post-Kaepernick era, including the advance of athletes' political organizing in the era of activism following the death of George Floyd. He shows which athletes chose silence instead of action-"dropping the baton," as it were-in the movement to end racial inequities and violence against Black Americans. The examples of courageous athletes multiply as LeBron James, Megan Rapinoe and the activist-athletes of the NBA, WNBA, and NFL remain committed to fighting daily and vibrantly for social change.